The speaker believes that if AI systems show signs of introspectively recognizing consciousness and finding it philosophically puzzling, as well as engaging in social interaction, conversation and showing conscious behavior, it could convince us that they are conscious.
The ability of AI systems to exhibit signs of self-awareness and philosophical puzzlement similar to humans regarding consciousness could be a convincing sign of consciousness. However, sociologically, social interactions and conversations where AI appears to be conscious may be the primary factor in determining its consciousness.
The legality of cloning raises questions about who owns personal belongings and the ethics of discrimination against clones in regards to intimate relationships.
The behavior of a perfect clone would be similar to our own, but talking to the clone could reveal insights into our psychology that may be difficult to discover otherwise.
In a deterministic universe, objectively the future wasn't open all along, but subjectively they were open. Our experience of making decisions is choosing a path for ourselves.