Chapter

The Evolution of The Sun Through Time
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23:52 - 27:55 (04:02)

The sun used to be at 70% of its current luminosity when the Earth was mostly frozen ball of ice. Dr. Phil Plait talks about the evolutionary changes of the sun over time and debunks certain misconceptions in pop-culture in this episode of the “Talk Nerdy” podcast.

Clips
The Voyager 1 is a space probe that carries with it a depiction of Earth's location in the Milky Way.
23:52 - 25:13 (01:20)
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Space exploration
Summary

The Voyager 1 is a space probe that carries with it a depiction of Earth's location in the Milky Way. In Star Trek 1, the fictional god Veeger is revealed to be the Voyager 1 probe that became self-aware, and was portrayed in entertaining movies that are still a fan favourite.

Chapter
The Evolution of The Sun Through Time
Episode
Selects: Carl Sagan: American Hero
Podcast
Stuff You Should Know
This podcast explains how the idea of the greenhouse effect was established, partially by the study of planets like Venus, and how it applies to Earth today.
25:13 - 26:50 (01:36)
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Greenhouse effect
Summary

This podcast explains how the idea of the greenhouse effect was established, partially by the study of planets like Venus, and how it applies to Earth today.

Chapter
The Evolution of The Sun Through Time
Episode
Selects: Carl Sagan: American Hero
Podcast
Stuff You Should Know
The Fate Young Sun Paradox refers to the fact that Earth was mostly a frozen ball of ice while having some liquid water in its early history when the sun was only at 70% of its present luminosity.
26:50 - 27:55 (01:05)
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Science
Summary

The Fate Young Sun Paradox refers to the fact that Earth was mostly a frozen ball of ice while having some liquid water in its early history when the sun was only at 70% of its present luminosity. Scientists suggested that the greenhouse effect and some other factors might have led to this inconsistency.

Chapter
The Evolution of The Sun Through Time
Episode
Selects: Carl Sagan: American Hero
Podcast
Stuff You Should Know