A virus that was programmed to attack centrifuges in nuclear facilities was accidentally released into the facility network, infecting more systems than intended and causing damage to the centrifuges.
Microsoft was called in to conduct an analysis of Active Directory forest management for a bank after a security breach. The company developed a security operations center and incident handling playbook to improve overall security.
The discussed malware scrapes data out of memory and sends it to a central repository system. IP address tracking helps to determine which accounts the malware is owned by and what systems they are communicating with.
Publicly available exploits for recently disclosed vulnerabilities can help ensure that security measures are actually functioning as intended, as otherwise nobody can protect themselves from undisclosed threats.
The idea that any app of Twitter's scale would use their own data centers made no technical sense. Outsourcing to Azure, GCP, and AWS can raise billions of dollars, while enforcing product hygiene is key to the user experience.