Scientists struggle to reverse engineer complex systems and come up with universal laws that govern them, even in controlled conditions like cellular automata. This poses challenges for discovering a theory of everything, but also makes life more mysterious and interesting.
Scientist Stephen Wolfram explains the principle of computational equivalence, which reveals that when a computing process seems too sophisticated to be simple, it's actually reached a level of sophistication equivalent to everything else. This principle will likely be considered an obvious fact in the future of computing.
The possibility of a complete formal theory of physics exists wherein running a program would reproduce any physical phenomena in the universe; however, computational irreducibility makes it challenging to pick away and determine a fundamental theory.
The belief that heat is just a random motion of molecules that we cannot explain will seem naive in the future. Computational irreducibility may make it difficult, but there is always an engineering solution.
The concept of living in a simulation has been a topic of discussion for a long time. It's suggested that even if we are living in a simulation, it's still a product of evolution.