The two types of explanations for consciousness are historical and constitutive. Historical explanations focus on past events and how conscious states are adaptive for survival, while constitutive explanations focus on current experiences and how consciousness is constructed in the brain.
The podcast discusses the reason behind our abilities for abstraction and how it helps us plan and perform tasks. It delves into the construction of a theory of mind with an understanding of mental states of others and the role of mirror neurons.
The explanation for consciousness could be historical or constitutive. The former revolves around the adaptive and survival benefits of the mental state, while the latter involves looking at it as an immediate result of brain activity.